It's just a terminal, it gives access to direct command line things that you would otherwise do with a mouse.
Much like the Linux terminal.
As such, it's essentially a window into the guts of Windows. What it's written in doesn't really matter, as it's not a standalone thing. The power it has comes from being a hole into the soul of Windows.
Odds are that it and windows are all written in the same C-derived language, whatever it is these days. C# maybe.