From my understanding and view: The Thing with Major effect on "How much we can see a second" is the brain. The nerves on the eyes are able to see far beyond the pace we usually are capable to handle. So the nerves on the eyes is biologically very advanced and very sensitive in term of sickness (especially Diabetes can damage those nerves). But those nerves on the eye do only act in a "single threaded" way, reason for being crazy fast while the brain is Multi threaded or Multi layer. So the brain will always act slower, just to much Tasks to handle. However, the brain is not a fixed amount of cells nor is the brain unable to grow. In term someone is focused on the eye a lot, the brain is able to become more efficient over time, so this is the reason some humans truly can see a lot more "FPS", actually not FPS but Information, than others may be capable of, along with the usual genetical factors and not to Forget, the Food and Environment is having a high effect on health aswell. Interesting to mention, the lid muscle is the fastest muscle in the human Body, it can act beyond the visible range without issue, so, even if the lid is closed a fraction of a second, it is usually barely visible to us.
I sometimes hear from People that they still are not happy with 60 FPS as it is still not sufficiently smooth to them. In some cases it can be true but the issue is less on the "How fast they can actually see" but instead "how good is the brain able to smoothen the judder"... everything is able to be learned in theory and if we stop "trying to find the judder" then the brain is able to Focus on another work... some sort of dejuddering. It is simply awesome what a well trained brain is capable off... so it is not all about FPS but ultimately the package on how the brain is able to adapt will decide on "how good the Picture finally is arriving".
Biologically, we see 2 different Images all the time, yet, the brain is combining them into one single Picture with the Information of 2 Pictures. Same can happen in term there is not a smooth Picture. The eyes is still able to see the judder but it may not make someone mad anymore and it may become less harsh because half the issue is truly on "how we do set up our brain", this will ultimately decide on how worse such issues are able to strike the brain. So, matter is indeed complicated and it can´t be pinned down by some fix numbers considering the ability in order to process a Image quick.
Interesting species in order to get some more understanding is a fly. A fly is able to scope with the Information of several houndred FPS without any issue and is able to adapt to it in a fraction of a second. However, in term something is extremely slow the fly will not be able to adapt because the processing time in order to connect those samples is to huge. The fly simply is not able to store any Information for Extended period but for any type of extremely quick Information, a fly is by far supreme. Human brain is actually a rather slow type but able to connect Information over a extremely Long period, so the Memory is actually huge and it will allow a human in order to become artistic when it Comes to any sort of Information. This is one of the main reason a human is the master of "Manipulation" because it simply is able to store a huge amount of information, although a rather average pace (compared with animals). At focused 3D view a human is truly supreme because he is the only species known to us to be able to have the required focused viewing accuracy in order to precisely shoot a ball or bullet toward a very small target.