Google search terms >> nas faster than usb
Highlighted hits:
USB 2.0 = 480mbps (theoretical). USB 2.0 based external hard drive will be faster than a 10/100 NAS device
In theory, writing to a NAS with Gigabit LAN connection should be faster than writing to a USB 2.0 7200RPM Drive, but in practice it isn't
Modern ethernet is gigabit, which is potentially faster than high speed USB 2, but in practice this varies
Now links to the page where I copied those highlights above from. There were some interesting hits there that would warrant a little study of.
Now of course in anything computer related there are always varying opinions. But in general the more information, the better the suggestions. My guess is that you have the <500GB of data scattered across at least 2 of your internal 500GB drives. That would make sense because a FULL 500GB drive is slow. The fuller a platter drive becomes, the slower it becomes overall when working with data. That has been told me now nearly 15 years.
With the previous paragraph considered, it would seem at least one good idea might be to Raid 0 two of the alike 500GB internal drives you have. That would spread < 500GB of current data across an array that is 1TB in size.
Then move one of your Usb 2.0 1TB size drives into a good external eSata enclosure and make whatever changes are needed to have that 'now' eSata 1TB drive to connect to the computer at eSata speeds. Use a script as suggested above to back up the raid array with your data to the eSata 1TB hard drive and your speed of transfer and backtup to that 'now' eSata drive should be markedly faster.
This assumes the raid 0 array is backed up to the 1TB 'now' eSata drive and that any data on the other lone 500GB drive is or can be backed up to the 'still' operational 1TB external Usb 2.0 drive.
Something along those lines is / or would seem to be a more logical use of your current parts and pieces. Of course you would have to setup the array internally and reload windows on the raid 0 array at least in my mind. At least that is what I would do. Of course YMMV.
One last note: Yes there is the expense of making one of those Usb 2.0 1TB drives into a working eSata configuration, but short of that there is not a really faster way to get data ONTO that drive from internal drives. End last note.