The Power_OK on pin 8 is a 5V TTL level signal and won't be highly accurate. It's supposed to be 3.3V or higher if all the PSU's voltages are OK.
I don't understand what you mean by +5V on pin 9 (+5Vstandby) and +12 on pin 10 (+12V) not corresponding to the diagrams because those measurements seem normal. However some PSUs need to be loaded down before their voltages will be within specifications.
Always look at the colors of the wires because on conventional PSUs yellow always means +12V, red +5.0V, orange or brown +3.3V, purple +5Vstandby.
AFAIK, all 20-pin ATX connectors are compatible except those for old Dells that had only one orange wire. But it seems there are at least 2 different pinouts for 24-pin connectors, ATX and WTX, and they're definitely not compatible. The WTX connector has 5 orange wires (+3.3V) in a row, pins 1-5.