I set it up exactly the same way with and without UEFI and it works perfectly. It isn't the encryption settings/configuration. Sorry for the confusion, but /boot is unencrypted, but the root partition is not. I don't know why I said that.
The drive itself is always encrypted, but I would need to prevent access to it. To enable the user password, there is a BIOS menu that has an option I need to enable, but the W530 does not have this option, and I can't enable it. It is just one thing after another with this laptop on Linux not working, and it gets really frustrating. I haven't even begun to talk about Optimus, external monitors, the dock I bought for it, or any other issues I'm currently fighting. Honestly speaking, this is the least of my worries right now.
My goal isn't to prevent any and all tampering given any tools and all the time in the world with the most knowledgeable people. I just want deterrence should someone steal my laptop.